The FWP weekly digest of wondrous wildlife happenings
and other interesting items from the natural world

Creatures to meet | Things to learn
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Lisa S. French
Birds on Broadway - Cormorant
Broadway Birds

They’re here! Really big birds have landed on Broadway courtesy of Brooklyn-based artist Nicolas Holiber and the Audubon Sculpture Project. Perched between 64th and 157th street on Manhattan’s Upper West Side, the super-sized sculptures made from reclaimed wood found on New York City streets depict birds that either live in or migrate through Manhattan. This conservation art initiative was conceived to draw attention to the fact that nearly half of the birds in North America will be impacted by climate change, including the handsome double-crested cormorant above, currently spreading its wooden wings at 105th street. While the double-crested cormorant is a highly adaptable species found on coastal and inland waters, it is not certain that it will be able to adjust to the northward shift into the climate space of the boreal forest of Canada that is predicted to occur by 2080 at current rates of warming.

You can visit the double-crested cormorant on Broadway along with other New York native birds including the hooded merganser, snowy owl, and red-necked grebe now through January 2020. And if you’d like to see a real live cormorant clan doing their swooping, swimming, diving, fishing thing, be sure to swing by the Central Park Reservoir. For the love of all birds, you can help keep the beaked beauties of New York and North America flying by supporting the work of the National Audubon Society year round. And wherever you are in the world, you can get a bird’s-eye view of their daily happenings courtesy of the Audubon bird cams.

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Wild flower field
Nurturing Nature

It’s officially summer here in the Northern Hemisphere, and researchers from the Royal College of General Practitioners have discovered another great reason to get out and about and enjoy the beauty of the living world: a new study published in Scientific Reports reveals that just two hours a week in nature boosts your overall health and well-being. Whether you find your bliss beachside, in a meadow, on a mountain, or simply lounging in a local park, immersing yourself in a natural environment may offer similar health benefits to an equivalent amount of time spent exercising. In fact, you don’t have to move around at all. Just park yourself on a bench and let the outside in. Soothing snippets of birdsong, wind rippling through the leaves, or the gentle sound of the surf can calm the mind, lower blood pressure, and reduce depression. And the more diverse the natural environment, the better it is for your overall health, not to mention the health of the planet—making biodiversity conservation the ultimate win-win.

It’s not surprising that our brains and bodies respond positively to nature’s way; before we humans created and settled in towns and cities, we spent almost two million years depending on, and connected to, the wilderness for daily life support. If your current environment is more urban than woodland, and you can’t find time to take a walk on the wild side, we’ve pulled together some nightingale nocturnes, Pacific right whale rumblings, and terrestrial tree sounds to get you through to your next good-for-you, green getaway or forest bathing session. If you’d like to read more about the healing power of nature check out FWP’s recommended read The Nature Fix by Florence Williams.

Oh, and by the way, the next time you are on a summery park stroll, and you think it’s beginning to feel a lot like Christmas there’s a good reason for that. Researchers at the British Ecological Society studying the connection between mental health and exposure to biodiversity found that spending time in an urban green space can evoke that fa, la, la feeling you may experience on Christmas Day. As an added online bonus, the increase in very merry sentiment resulting from immersion in nature also seems to reduce the expression of negativity on Twitter for several hours post-park. We’ll raise a glass of peppermint nog to that! Cheers!

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Right whale fin
Wondrous Whales

In honor of World Oceans Day, here’s a status update on one of the most precious inhabitants of the deep, blue Atlantic: Eubalaena glacialis, the good or true whale of the ice—population currently teetering at 411. Otherwise known as the eastern North Atlantic right whale, weighing up to 70 tons and measuring up to 55 feet long, this toothless, baleen cetacean, native to the Eastern Coast of the United States, is one of the largest mammals on earth. Dubbed the “right whale to hunt,” for centuries the docile, slow-moving North Atlantic right whale was prized for its blubber, oil, and baleen, resulting in over-exploitation and decimation of populations. Although the hunting of right whales was outlawed in 1935, this critically endangered species continues to face a number of extreme challenges to its survival including ship strikes, fishing gear entanglement, degraded habitat, underwater noise pollution, and more recently, declining prey.

As Atlantic waters warm due to climate heating, scientists believe that the enormous quantities of small crustaceans (Calanus finmarchicus) the right whales depend on for food are moving further north into shipping lanes and fishing areas that make strikes and entanglement more likely. Between 2010 and 2016, 85% of right whale deaths were caused by entanglement. In 2017 and 2018 there was an extremely high mortality rate of 20 right whales, and for the first time in 38 years in 2018, there were no calves born.

A normal life span for a North Atlantic right whale is 70 years. By age ten females are capable of reproduction and have a gestation period of one year. While right whales typically give birth to a single calf every three to five years, due to a host of environmental stressors, as of 2017 the interval between births had increased to ten years. Even though seven new calves have been spotted off the coast of Florida as of March 2019, at the current rate of loss and reproduction, without support and intervention, scientists predict the North Atlantic right whale could disappear from the planet in the next 20 years. You can learn more about the North Atlantic right whale and the network of scientific organizations working together to monitor populations, protect critical habitat, and reduce injury and mortality from vessel disturbance and fishing gear from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the North Atlantic Right Whale Consortium.

And in other recent whale watching news, New York City and British Columbia are celebrating sightings of big humpbacks and baby orcas. Mind how you go, befinned friends, mind how you go…

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Queen bee in beehive.
Brainy Bees

As the days grow longer and buds burst into blooms, we’re on the lookout for the return of everybody’s favorite essential pollinator, the honeybee! If you have ever wondered why honeybees are so skilled at helping to transform flowers into fruit and veg like apples, avocados, blueberries, and broccoli, it’s because they’re wicked smart. How smart, you ask? Well, even though a honeybee’s brain is about 20,000 times smaller than a human brain, that seed-sized morsel of gray matter packs a lot of computing power. A honeybee brain is capable of managing 10 trillion computations a second—that’s 625 times the speed of most advanced supercomputers. Research conducted by scientists at the University of Melbourne indicates that honeybees can do basic arithmetic, understand the concept of zero, and learn and teach other bees how to gain rewards. All of that buzz-worthy brilliance is put to good use efficiently managing a complex series of tasks that contribute to the cross-pollination of 30 percent of human food crops and 90 percent of wild plants. Honeybees also use their smarts to locate prime floral real estate by color and smell and share the inside scoop on best bets for plentiful pollen and nectar with their hive mates through a complicated “waggle” dance language.

What’s more, these winged brainiacs are the ultimate team players, efficiently performing well-defined hierarchical functions within their colonies. The apis mellifera monarch’s, or queen honeybee’s, one and only job is to create more bees. The queen bee can lay up to 2,000 eggs a day which develop into queens, drones, or worker bees. The bees that you see buzzing about outside the hive collecting pollen and nectar from flowers are sterile female worker bees. Worker bees are also responsible for keeping the inside of the hive tidy as well as feeding the queen, drones, and bee larvae. Male bees or drones have only two functions in the hive, eating and mating with the queen. While that may sound like the good life, once a drone mates with the queen, it falls to the ground and dies. Drones that don’t make the cut with the queen are ejected from the hive by worker bees come winter.

Queen bees are not born to the throne. They are created through a process where larvae designated for insect royalty by their placement in special queen cells in the hive are fed exclusively the aptly named royal jelly. A milky substance that is secreted from glands in the heads of worker bees, royal jelly is composed of proteins, sugars, fatty acids, and trace minerals which help queens develop their reproductive capacity. Tasked with the very important job of keeping the colony humming with new offspring, a queen honeybee can live anywhere from one to six years, significantly longer than the seasonal life span of female worker bees and male drones.

Despite having an amazing capacity to problem solve and work collaboratively, one thing that honeybees have not been able to figure out on their own is how to protect themselves from the multiple factors including global heating, pesticide use, habitat loss, and parasites which have led to an estimated annual loss of over 30% of the honeybee colonies that are critical to pollinating one out of every three bites of the food we eat. According to the 2018-19 survey results from the Bee Informed Partnership, over the past winter, U.S. beekeepers lost 40% of their hives, which is the worst recorded loss since 2006.

It’s clear that when it comes to keeping global populations well-fed and environmental systems healthy and functioning, these tiny, brainy insects are the bee all end all. Whether you live in a big city, a small town, or somewhere in between, check out the Xerces Society’s tips on what to plant to create a safe haven for honeybees on your patch. You can also sponsor a hive through The Honeybee Conservancy and find Favorite World Press recommendations for pollinator-friendly seed bombs and supplies here.

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Endangered Kakapo
Precious Parrots

Standing almost two feet tall and weighing in at approximately nine pounds, the moss-green kākāpō is the world’s largest and only flightless parrot. It is also one of the most critically endangered. Known as the “owl-parrot” due to its large eyes and head, this charmingly chubby forest inhabitant was common in its native New Zealand where it evolved over 30 million years, free from the threat of natural predators. Over the past few hundred years with only the minimal protection offered by its mottled, camouflaging feathers, the defenseless, ground-dwelling kākāpō was hunted to the brink of extinction by both humans and the invasive species introduced by European settlers. Habitat loss from forest conversion to farm-land also contributed to the parrots’ plummeting numbers, and by 1977 the solitary, nocturnal kākāpō had been reduced to a tiny population of just 18 birds. Although kākāpōs rebounded slightly to 51 individuals in the 1990’s, their future looked decidedly grim.

The plight of the kākāpō is further complicated by infrequent breeding. The parrots only mate every two to four years when native coniferous rimu trees bear the vitamin D rich fruit which they feed their young. And because females are solely responsible for incubating, parenting and foraging for food, eggs and fledglings are extremely vulnerable to predators when out of necessity they are left alone in the nest. Factoring in a loss of genetic diversity which helped to ensure the survival of chicks, the kākāpō was in desperate need of some avian assistance.

Fast-forward three decades, thanks to the intensive and innovative management of the critically endangered parrots by scientists at the New Zealand Department of Conservation, as of 2017, the kākāpō count was at 154. Following the transfer of the entire population of birds to three remote predator-free islands, Whenua Hou, Anchor, and Hauturu, the kākāpō recovery programme began monitoring the birds through every stage of development pitching in with nest protection, supplementary feeding and the hand raising of chicks. As a result of around the clock intensive care, this year the kākāpōs had a record-breaking breeding season resulting in 76 hatchlings. Scientists expect that about 60 of the young birds will make it to adulthood. While the kākāpō population is on the upswing, conservationists won’t breathe easier until their numbers get closer to 500. In the meantime, preservation of these precious parrots continues with international efforts aimed at ensuring their survival, including genome sequencing, drone-supported artificial insemination and the world’s first successful bird brain surgery. In honor of Endangered Species Day on May 17, we tip our wings to the captivating kākāpō and the dedicated scientists who continue to work tirelessly to save this rare species–bird by bird.

Update:

Following a tremendously successful 2018/2019 breeding season, and the unprecedented survival of 71 chicks to juvenile age, as of September 2019, the critically endangered kākāpō population has reached a record high of 213! You can read more about the ground-dwelling parrot progress here.

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Gorilla mom and baby
Good News for Gorillas

Home to over 3,000 different species of plants and animals, the Virunga Mountain range bordering Rwanda, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo is one of the most biologically diverse places on earth. The best known and most beloved occupants of this UNESCO World Heritage site are the majestic mountain gorillas. Discovered by German explorer Captain Robert von Beringe in 1902, over the course of the 20th century, mountain gorillas suffered the impacts of habitat loss, hunting, war, and disease leading scientists to estimate that continued environmental pressures would render the critically endangered species extinct by the year 2000. Although populations of mountain gorillas in the Virunga range continued to dwindle to near extinction, 480 individuals had survived as of 2010.

An inspiring testament to the progress that can be achieved through a creative combination of government, NGO, and community-based conservation efforts, including eco-tourism, these gentle herbivores, vital to the health of forest ecosystems, are slowly making a comeback. Population surveys in 2016 found that the Virunga gorillas had increased to 604 individuals. The total population of mountain gorillas now stands at 1,004 which includes a second group in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in Uganda. At a time when animal species around the globe are facing extreme challenges to their survival, this bit of good news for mountain gorillas underscores the vital importance of supporting wildlife conservation initiatives for the benefit of all inhabitants who share the planet.

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Beautiful Forest
Earth Month: Restoring Earth’s Beautiful View

The Appalachian Mountains that make West Virginia rugged and beautiful owe much of their splendor to the red spruce. Old-growth red spruce forests once covered Cheat Mountain in seemingly limitless numbers. These trees can live up to four hundred years and provide essential life support to unique wildlife, such as salamanders, flying squirrels, and golden eagles. The Appalachian red spruce forest ecosystems are also particularly effective at filtering stream water that flows throughout the mountain range. Between 1880 and 1940 nearly the entire red spruce population within these forests went through a series of clear cuts and devastating wildfires reducing coverage from 1.5 million to roughly 30,000 acres. In an attempt at restoration, non-native invasive species were planted including a type of grass that quickly became a compacted sod, choking out all other vegetation preventing the normal process of reforestation from occurring and disrupting an ecosystem that relied on biodiversity. Without intervention, the ecosystems in interrupted areas could not achieve full recovery, even though they are on federally protected land. Compacted soil must be broken in order to bring the ecosystem back to balance, which makes restoration a much more difficult process than it might be elsewhere.

As the nation’s oldest national conservation nonprofit, our planting partner American Forests working in conjunction with strategic partners like the U.S. Forest Service brings critical expertise to restoration projects like those on Cheat Mountain. They’re celebrating 143 years of forest-enthusiasm this fall, and have planted more than 50 million trees since 1990. This year American Forests has planted 75,000 trees in the Mower Tract of the Monongahela National Forest in West Virginia, making a significant jump-start in the restoration process for this embattled ecosystem. We are proud to support their work and look forward to continuing reforestation efforts around the country and around the world.

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Earth Month: Trees for Wildlife

When most people think of protecting endangered species, it’s rarely trees that come to mind, but keystone tree species like the critically endangered whitebark pine are incredibly important to the health of forest ecosystems in the Northern Rockies and the Cascades providing essential food and habitat for the feathered and furry. Whitebark pine grow at the treeline at super-high altitudes where the summers are blazing hot and dry, and the winters are frigid. Rich in fats and protein, the seeds of the whitebark pinecone are one of the most nutritious foods available to wildlife and feed more than 100 different animals species. The seeds are an especially important component of the grizzly bear diet providing a food source far from human populations, keeping both bears and humans safe.

Whitebark pine seeds are largely distributed by the Clark’s nutcracker in open meadows where they are the first to germinate and grow into trees after a wildfire. Crucial to forest restoration, whitebark pine provide the shade and moisture that allows less hardy trees to survive the harsh mountain climate. While the vast majority of whitebark pine exist on federally protected land this tree species is dying off at an alarming rate. Blister rust, an aggressive viral disease imported from Europe in 1909, and an exploding population of mountain pine beetles are choking out entire stands of trees. In many places, the mortality rate exceeds 95 percent.

At Favorite World Press, we know that it is the combined efforts of concerned citizens and organizations that will determine the future of some of the world’s most precious and endangered species. Supporting climate-smart restoration of threatened trees like the whitebark pine also helps to ensure the health and survival of all the animals that depend on them—like the grizzly bear. That’s why we are partnering with American Forests to help accelerate the pace and scale of forest restoration across the United States.

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Earth Month: The Power of One Tree

Earth Month is the perfect time to support the healthy, resilient forests that impact so many aspects of life—providing the air we breathe, filtering the water we drink and sheltering the wildlife we love. Favorite World Press has made a commitment to our partner American Forests to plant one tree for every print or e-book sold from the new series, Frankie and Peaches, Tales of Total Kindness. Just one tree can have a huge impact on our environment, absorbing 48 pounds of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and filtering as much as 36,500 gallons of drinking water every year. And just two trees provide your daily oxygen.

Every tree we plant is also an integral part of the forest ecosystems that help to support wildlife. Just one square kilometer of forest may be home to more than 1,000 species. In the Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas alone, there are 500 different species of birds, 300 different butterflies, 900 types of beetles, and 1,200 different species of plants. It is also the home of the endangered ocelot, a magnificent animal whose population is sadly estimated to be down to 50 in the United States. Healthy forests are vital to the survival of many threatened and endangered species of flora and fauna.

The benefits of healthy, thriving forests are immense, yet forests across the globe are in danger, and the vital resources they provide are being compromised. Bark beetles and blister rust are decimating stands of pines across the West; population expansion and agriculture have diminished old-growth forests in the eastern U.S. to the point of rarity—a mere 1 percent remain. Some of the worst wildfires in history have swept through landscapes from the drought-afflicted Sierra Nevada to the mountains of Appalachia. Since 2001, global forest cover has been decreased by almost 600 million acres, threatening critical habitats for endangered wildlife the world over. Now more than ever, it is necessary for everyone to contribute what they can, wherever they can, and we’re happy to get you and your little ones started.

This is why we support American Forests, the nation’s oldest national conservation organization, and their efforts to restore and protect forests. They have planted more than 50 million trees since 1990, in all 50 states and nearly 50 countries. They understand and promote our beliefs that we are not separate from nature and that it is our responsibility to take care of the planet. We know that our investment in American Forests will go a long way towards ensuring a better future for everything that lives on Earth.

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Baby penguin and parent
Paternal Penguins

In the southern hemisphere, the Antarctic autumn which begins in late March/early April also marks the start of emperor penguin parenting season. The only species on earth that nests in winter, emperor penguins are dependent upon the formation of sea ice which must be solid enough to support the 46 breeding colonies of thousands of 50 to 100-pound birds that return from the sea to the barren, beak-chillingly cold polar landscape to start their feathered families. Once the serially monogamous birds pair off with mates, come late May/early June, female emperors will lay one egg which they transfer to their male parenting partners for safekeeping before traveling distances of up to 70 miles back to the sea to feed on fish, krill, and squid. During the 65-75 day incubation period, the male penguin carefully wedges the single egg on its feet below a loose fold of highly vascularized featherless skin called a brood pouch which warms the egg to about 100°F. To ensure every egg in the colony stays equally toasty while exposed to average winter temperatures of -49°F, these paternal penguins huddle together in massive groups for warmth, rotating in an orderly procession from the outside to the inside of the huddle so that no bird is left out in the cold.

Male emperors fast throughout the two month incubation period surviving on fat reserves, often losing as much as half of their body weight. Once the penguin chicks emerge from their shells into the frozen world of the Antarctic, the papa penguins prop the hatchlings on their feet, tuck them up safely under the brood pouch for warmth, and feed them a milky substance produced by a gland in their esophagus. When the female penguins return to the colony in July, the hungry, weakened male transfers the chick to its mother’s brood pouch for care and feeding before embarking on his own long march to the sea to fatten up. When the male penguin rejoins his family, the dedicated parents take turns feeding and guarding the chicks ensuring the little ones are shielded from the harsh elements until they grow a thick layer of protective down and are able to stand on their own tiny webbed feet.

Learn about the importance of maintaining the Antarctic home of these fascinating, flightless birds from ecologist Michelle LaRue and on April 25th ruffle your feathers in honor of World Penguin Day.

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Don’t get up. We’ll come to you.

Sign up for new releases, promotions, and free stuff! We email very sparingly.

We don’t share our mailing list with anyone. Ever.